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Alternative Scale Structures
Alternative scale structures have been a significant resource for contemporary composers.  Using scale forms ranging from the pre-tonal church modes to exotic folk scales and even synthetic (contrived) scales, composers have devised a multitude of linear, as well as vertical, sonorities to incorporate in their music.

Below are examples of some alternative scale structures.
 
Church Modes (see page 35 under Theory III)
Dorian
Phrygian
Lydian
Mixolydian
 
Pentatonic




 

Octatonic

Whole-tone


Folk / Nationalistic




Synthetic