Herman von Helmholz (1821-1894)
A German scientist and an expert on acoustics.
His "Lehre von den Tonempfindungen als physiologische Grundlage für
die Theorie der Musik" (On the Sensations of Tone
as a Physiological Basis for the Theory of Music, NY 1948), was
first published in Braunschweig in 1863. It laid the foundation for
modern research in the physical and physiological
aspects of musical sound and perception. He based his work
on experimentation but drew heavily upon the research of Rameau
and Tartini.